Wildland Firefighting (3rd Edition)
Chapter 1 Definitions Test (#2)
22 questions
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1)
Prediction of probable fire
behavior, usually prepared by a fire-behavior officer in support of fire
suppression or prescribed-burning operations.
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2)
Anvil-shaped cloud with
considerable vertical development, usually with fibrous ice crystal tops, and
usually accompanied by lightning, thunder, hail, and strong winds.
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3)
Rate of heat energy released per
unit time per unit length of fire front. Numerically, it is the product of the
heat of combustion, quantity of fuel consumed in the fire front, and the rate
of spread of a fire in Btu per second per foot (kilojoules per second per
meter) of fire front. Synonymous with Fireline Intensity.
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4)
Spinning vortex column of
ascending hot air and gases rising from a fire and carrying smoke, debris, and
flame aloft.
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5)
Transfer of heat energy from one
body to another through direct contact or an intervening medium from a region
of high temperature to a region of low temperature.
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6)
Manipulation of fuel prior to an
incident to prevent the occurrence or slow the spread of wildland fire.
Synonymous with Vegetation Management or Fuel Management.
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7)
Fast-drying fuels, with a
comparatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio, that are generally less than
1/4inch in diameter and have a time lag of 1 hour or less. These fuels readily
ignite and are rapidly consumed by fire when dry.
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8)
Large-scale winds caused by
high- and low-pressure systems but generally influenced and modified in the
lower atmosphere by terrain.
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9)
Daily; OR especially pertaining
to cyclic actions of the atmosphere that are completed within 24 hours and
that recur every 24 hours.
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10) Ignition or nearly simultaneous
ignition of several individual fires that influence the main fire and each
other in a way that produces a hot, fast-moving fire or blowup throughout the
area.
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11) (1) Total amount of heat
produced per unit mass of fuel consumed per unit time. (2) Amount of heat
released to the atmosphere from the convective-lift fire phase of a fire per
unit time.
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12) Thermal or chemical
decomposition of fuel because of heat; the preignition combustion phase of
burning during which heat energy is absorbed by the fuel, which in turn gives
off flammable tars, pitches, and gases.
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13) Unplanned and unwanted fire
requiring suppression action; an uncontrolled fire, usually spreading through
vegetative fuels. These fires can threaten structures or other improvements.
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14) Small-scale convective winds
that occur due to local heating and cooling of a natural incline of the
ground.
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15) Any sudden acceleration in rate
of spread or intensification of a fire. Relatively short duration and does not
radically change existing control plans.
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16) Rapid oxidation of combustible
materials accompanied by a release of energy in the form of heat and light.
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17) Self-sustaining process of
rapid oxidation of a fuel, which produces heat and light.
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18) Sudden dangerous increase in
fireline intensity typically caused by strong or erratic wind, steep slopes,
large open areas, and easily ignited fuels. It is sufficient to preclude
direct attack or to change the incident action plan; often accompanied by
violent convection and may have other characteristics of a fire storm.
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19) Degree or extent of continuous
or uninterrupted distribution of fuel particles in a fuel bed, thus affecting
a fire's ability to sustain combustion and spread. This applies to aerial
fuels as well as surface fuels.
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20)
Portion of the atmosphere that has a relatively low dew point temperature and
where the formation of clouds, fog, or precipitation is unlikely.
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21)
Degree to which vertical motion in the atmosphere is enhanced or suppressed.
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22)
Fuels that provide vertical continuity between strata, thereby allowing fire
to carry from surface fuels into the crowns of trees or shrubs with relative
ease. They help initiate and assure the continuation of crowning.
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