Wildland Firefighting (3rd Edition)
Chapter 1 Definitions Test (#3)
22 questions

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1) All combustible materials below the surface litter, such as tree or shrub roots, peat, and sawdust, that normally support smoldering combustion without flame.


2) Transfer of heat by the movement of fluids or gases, usually in an upward direction.


3) Compass direction towards which a slope faces.


4) Fully contained and controlled fire started for useful and nondestructive purposes.


5) Behavior of a fire spreading rapidly with a well-defined head.


6) Fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire. Sometimes classed as running or dependent to distinguish the degree of independence from the surface fire.


7) Soil containing little or no combustible material.


8) Type of general wind that occurs when stable, high-pressure air is forced across and then down the lee slopes of a mountain range. The descending air is warmed and dried due to adiabatic compression; locally called by various names such as Santa Ana, Mono, Chinook, etc. Synonymous with Foehn Wind.


9) Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit. One Btu = 1.055 kilojoules (kJ).


10) Elevation on a mountainous slope that typically experiences the least variation in diurnal temperatures and has the highest average temperatures and, thus, the lowest relative humidity. Its presence is most evident during clear weather with light wind.


11) Fires starting outside the perimeter of a main fire typically caused by flying sparks or embers.


12) Part of a control line that is scraped or dug to mineral soil; OR a general term for the area where fire fighting activities are taking place, the wildland equivalent of the term "fireground" as used in structural fire fighting.


13) Boundary of a fire at a given moment.


14) Fuels distributed uniformly over an area, thereby providing a continuous path for fire to spread.


15) Winds generated by the movement of an air mass (front) across the earth's surface.


16) Transfer of heat through intervening space by infrared thermal waves.


17) Small rotating windstorm of limited extent containing sand or dust. Synonymous with Dust Devil.


18) Fire edge that crosses a control line. Synonymous with Breakover.


19) Fuel that contacts the surface of the ground; consists of duff, leaf and needle litter, dead branch material, downed logs, bark, tree cones, and low-stature living plants. These are the materials normally scraped away to construct a fireline. Synonymous with Surface Fuel.


20) Fuel's susceptibility to ignition.


21) Weather conditions that influence fire ignition, behavior, and suppression.


22) Radiation with a wavelength outside the visible spectrum at the red end of the spectrum. Thermal radiation from free-burning fires is an example.


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