Wildland Firefighting (3rd Edition)
Chapter 1 Definitions Test (#3)
22 questions
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1)
All combustible materials
below the surface litter, such as tree or shrub roots, peat, and sawdust, that
normally support smoldering combustion without flame.
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2)
Transfer of heat by the
movement of fluids or gases, usually in an upward direction.
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3)
Compass direction towards which
a slope faces.
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4)
Fully contained and controlled
fire started for useful and nondestructive purposes.
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5)
Behavior of a fire spreading
rapidly with a well-defined head.
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6)
Fire that advances from top to
top of trees or shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire. Sometimes
classed as running or dependent to distinguish the degree of independence from
the surface fire.
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7)
Soil containing little or no
combustible material.
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8)
Type of general wind that
occurs when stable, high-pressure air is forced across and then down the lee
slopes of a mountain range. The descending air is warmed and dried due to
adiabatic compression; locally called by various names such as Santa Ana,
Mono, Chinook, etc. Synonymous with Foehn Wind.
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9)
Amount of heat energy required
to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit. One Btu =
1.055 kilojoules (kJ).
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10) Elevation on a mountainous
slope that typically experiences the least variation in diurnal temperatures
and has the highest average temperatures and, thus, the lowest relative
humidity. Its presence is most evident during clear weather with light wind.
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11) Fires starting outside the
perimeter of a main fire typically caused by flying sparks or embers.
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12) Part of a control line that is
scraped or dug to mineral soil; OR a general term for the area where fire
fighting activities are taking place, the wildland equivalent of the term
"fireground" as used in structural fire fighting.
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13) Boundary of a fire at a given
moment.
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14) Fuels distributed uniformly
over an area, thereby providing a continuous path for fire to spread.
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15) Winds generated by the
movement of an air mass (front) across the earth's surface.
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16) Transfer of heat through
intervening space by infrared thermal waves.
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17) Small rotating windstorm of
limited extent containing sand or dust. Synonymous with Dust Devil.
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18) Fire edge that crosses a
control line. Synonymous with Breakover.
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19) Fuel that contacts the surface
of the ground; consists of duff, leaf and needle litter, dead branch material,
downed logs, bark, tree cones, and low-stature living plants. These are the
materials normally scraped away to construct a fireline. Synonymous with
Surface Fuel.
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20)
Fuel's susceptibility to ignition.
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21)
Weather conditions that influence fire ignition, behavior, and suppression.
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22)
Radiation with a wavelength outside the visible spectrum at the red end of the
spectrum. Thermal radiation from free-burning fires is an example.
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